To grow and reproduce, plants must have some defense against herbivores that eat them. One form of defense is to call for help from other insects. As stated in the ancient proverb, “The enemy of my enemy is my friend.” Herbivores that feed on plants can have many enemies, including parasitoid wasps.
Catalpa Hornworm and Cotesia Wasp Parasitoids
The majority of wasps (order Hymenoptera) are parasitoids. Parasitoids lay their eggs inside other insects. The parasitoid larvae consume the tissue of their host and kill it. Parasitoids must be able to find potential hosts in order to be successful. Finding small caterpillars or other hosts in a complex maze of plant foliage can be a daunting task. Many parasitoids rely on odors to locate hosts.
When caterpillars or other herbivores feed on plants, the feeding damage releases volatile chemicals. These chemicals benefit parasitoid wasps that use the odors to find hosts. The odors benefit the plant because they attract parasitoids that reduce damage from herbivores. Plants that release characteristic odors in response to insect feeding damage can get a little help from their parasitoid friends.
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About jjneal
Jonathan Neal is a retired Associate Professor of Entomology at Purdue University and author of the textbook, Living With Insects (2010).
This blog is a forum to communicate about the intersection of insects with people and policy. This is a personal blog.
The opinions and materials posted here are those of the author and are in no way connected with those of my employer.
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